9th Grade Biology SOL Practice Test

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• Darwin's observation that Galápagos finches have many similar physical characteristics supports which idea?
• During meiosis, which process involves exchanging segments between chromatids of homologous chromosomes?
• Which of the following is commonly used as an example of a nonvascular plant?
• Which statement reflects the principle of relative dating?
• Which type of selection occurs when the environment is stable and there is no pressure for change?
• Parasitism is when
• What step comes after forming a hypothesis?
• Which term describes gradual evolution over long periods of time?
• Which term refers to the unequal distribution of electrons?
• Green pigment that helps to absorb sunlight
• What is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?
• Which variable is measured or observed as a result of the manipulated variable?
• Which organelle contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis to make glucose?
• Which molecule is the monomer (building block) of nucleic acids?
• In a population growth graph, a limiting factor typically determines the carrying capacity.
• Facilitated diffusion is the passive transport of molecules across membranes with the help of proteins.
• Which description matches commensalism?
• Which type of data is recorded with a descriptive value?
• Which term describes the interaction in which one organism captures and eats another?
• What is the part of an enzyme into which a substrate fits?
• Which term describes organisms that obtain energy by consuming other living things?
• Law of Dominance describes which of the following?
• What is a diagram that shows characteristic relationships among organisms called?
• Shingles is caused by which type of viral lifecycle?
• Which term describes an interpretation based on prior knowledge?
• Inheritable traits are best described as
• In a solution, what term describes the component that dissolves the solute?
• Punnett Square is a diagram used to do which of the following?
• Which process requires energy to move substances across the cell membrane?
• What type of symmetry do corals have?
• What cycle makes the host cell burst?
• Which term describes the viral lifecycle that integrates viral DNA into the host genome and can remain dormant for years?
• Unlike mitosis, meiosis in male mammals results in the formation of
• Which term refers to the sum of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell to provide energy and synthesize new material?
• What is required for evolution?
• What term describes disease-causing agents such as bacteria or viruses?
• Analogous structures are best defined as:
• Which term best describes organisms that break down dead matter and recycle nutrients?
• What is a limiting factor?
• An organism that produces its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(n) ____.
• Unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments.
• Which cycle is associated with viruses reproducing via lysis of the host cell?
• Which statement best defines coevolution?
• Producers are
• Which description correctly defines the independent variable in an experiment?
• Which organelle separates chromosomes during cell division?
• Which organelle contains genetic material and works with ribosomes in protein synthesis?
• Which of the following statements best describes how limiting factors influence carrying capacity?
• Which type of cell contains a nucleus?
• Which word is defined as a reduced form of a functional structure in 1 organism that shows up as fully functional in another?
• Which statement correctly defines carrying capacity?
• Which concept explains the origin of eukaryotic cells via symbiotic relationships?
• If an organism is unicellular and autotrophic, to which kingdom is it most commonly assigned?
• Which term describes the network of feeding relationships in an ecosystem?
• Cytoplasm function?
• Diffusion is defined as the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• Which term describes an organism that feeds on decaying plant and animal matter?
• Which group includes organisms with a nucleus that do not belong to plants, fungi, or animals?
• Which term best describes a resource that governs the rate of a biological process?
• Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
• Which of the following is an example of a density-independent limiting factor?
• A single gene mutation results from
• Which molecule did Hershey and Chase conclude is the genetic material?
• Which term describes the interaction of organisms for obtaining resources such as food and habitat?
• Which pyramid is based on the number of individual organisms at each trophic level?
• Rosalind Franklin used which technique to provide evidence for the DNA double helix?
• Which of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor?
• What term describes disease-causing agents like bacteria or viruses?
• Which kingdom contains organisms that are multicellular and often photosynthetic?
• Cell membrane is selectively permeable; it...
• Which term describes the physical expression of genes in an organism?
• Carrying capacity is
• Which is the monomer (building block) for nucleic acids?
• An organism that makes its own food from inorganic sources is called a(n) ______.
• Translation involves which of the following?
• Spiders, shrimp, and snails are examples of which major group?
• The carbon cycle is defined as
• Which term describes a statement that describes invariable relationships among phenomena under a specified set of conditions?
• Convergent evolution occurs when distantly related species develop similar features due to similar environmental challenges.
• Which organelle is the powerhouse that produces ATP by breaking down food?
• Which of the following is an example of a nonvascular plant?
• Which term describes the attraction of different molecules?
• What is the inheritance pattern demonstrated when a heterozygous plant crosses with a homozygous recessive plant, resulting in about half of the offspring showing the dominant trait?
• If a butterfly's body cell has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in a butterfly egg cell?
• Which term describes the attraction of different molecules, such as water to glass?
• Which term describes the network of feeding relationships in an ecosystem?
• Which group of animals lives on both land and in water?
• Which type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of variation, with reduced middle variation?
• Which concept is described as showing that energy can never be destroyed and neither can it be created?
• Meiosis is best described as which of the following?
• Which statement describes eukaryotic cells?
• What are antibiotics used for?
• What does an enzyme act on directly?
• Which statement about genetic variation and evolution is true?
• Bacteriophages are viruses that infect which cells?
• Which organelle is essential for pulling apart chromosomes during animal cell division?
• What is the purpose of a controlled experiment?
• Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
• If green is dominant over purple, what is the genotype for a purple individual?
• Which organelle modifies, sorts, packages, and secretes chemicals in and out of the cell?
• What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to understanding DNA?
• A fossil is
• Which term describes the movement of genes from one population to another?
• Attractions between water molecules are called
• If a scientist changes the amount of fertilizer to test plant growth while keeping all other factors constant, the fertilizer amount is the what?
• Which group lacks a backbone?
• The variable that you change in the experiment is called the ______.
• What is a capsid?
• Also known as simple sugars, these are the carbohydrate monomers.
• Law of Segregation states which of the following?
• Spiders, shrimp, and snails are examples of
• True-breeding organisms are defined as
• Which term describes an organism that eats already dead animals?
• Which flower structure becomes the fruit after fertilization?
• Which term describes the sharing of electrons between atoms?
• Which statement best describes carbohydrates?
• The pyramid of numbers is based on what measure?
• Carbohydrates are made of...
• What is a Procedure?
• Which scenario illustrates a limiting factor affecting population size?
• Which process increases genetic variation by producing recombinant chromosomes during meiosis?
• In ecological terms, organisms that obtain energy by consuming others are called what?
• The plant cell wall is made up of
• Which organelle enables photosynthesis in plant cells?
• In a 'controlled' experiment, how many variables should you change at a time?
• Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute to high solute concentration.
• What is the flagellum used for?
• What percentage of energy is usually transferred from one trophic level to the next?
• Meiosis yields which of the following outcomes?
• What is the primary purpose of homeostasis in living organisms?
• Which term means the solution and the cell are equal?
• Mitosis results in two diploid somatic cells.
• Who developed the theory of Natural Selection that is accepted today?
• What term describes each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a biological community?
• A mutation involving a long segment of DNA that includes deletions, insertions, or inversions of sections of DNA.
• Which statement best describes prokaryotic cells?
• Tt is-?
• If an organism has two identical alleles for a gene, what is that genotype called?
• Which term describes an organism that eats other animals only?
• A human zygote should have _____ chromosomes inside.
• What term describes two species that influence each other, both positively or negatively?
• Stabilizing selection tends to favor intermediate phenotypes in a stable environment.
• What shape are Streptococcus bacteria?
• If resources become scarce, which effect is most likely on a population?
• A hybrid organism is best described as
• Which term describes an organism that eats both plants and animals?
• Which term describes the attraction of similar molecules?
• What best describes a chromosome?
• Active transport moves substances across the cell membrane using the cell's energy.
• Which statement best describes the relationship between observations and hypotheses in the scientific method?
• The Law of Superposition helps scientists determine what?
• Molecular clocks are used to estimate dates based on genetic divergence. Which option correctly places this concept?
• What term describes the fusion of two haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote?
• Which group of organic molecules serves as long-term energy storage and waterproof coverings?
• Organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
• Which organelle is primarily involved in processing and packaging proteins for secretion in cells that produce lots of secreted proteins?
• The model that predicts evolution occurs at a slow, steady rate is called...
• Recessive alleles are-
• The hypothesis that evolution of a species occurs in periods of rapid change separated by little or no change is called
• Phenotype describes which of the following?
• Which organelle breaks down waste materials?
• In an experiment, which term refers to the variable you deliberately change to test its effect?
• Which term best describes organisms that eat decaying matter such as fallen leaves or rotting logs?
• What percentage of all animals are invertebrates?
• In genetics, what is the term for a different form of the same gene, such as T and t?
• Which type of data is recorded as numerical value?
• Which dating method relies on the decay of radioactive elements and provides an absolute age?
• Analogous structures are best defined as:
• Lactobacillus bacteria are commonly described as which shape?
• Which term describes the point at which population size levels off due to limiting factors?
• Which term describes gradual long-term changes in an ecosystem?
• Purple is dominant to white. A heterozygous purple flower is crossed with a white flower. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
• True or False: A hypothesis must be stated in a way that is testable.
• Transcription is defined as which of the following?
• During meiosis, which mechanism contributes to genetic variation?
• What term describes a rigorous statement about what will happen under specific conditions?
• Which term means sharing of electrons?
• According to the law of superposition, where are the oldest fossils found?
• Abiotic factors are
• What term refers to the attraction between water molecules?
• A compound that is being dissolved is called a ____.
• What happens to a cell in a hypotonic environment?
• Which term describes the basic path in which energy moves from producers to consumers in a simple ecosystem model?
• Webbed feet in frogs are an example of what biological concept?
• Which term describes the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
• Which term describes a solution that has the same water potential as the cell?
• Which concept states that different genes are distributed randomly and independently when forming gametes?
• Which term describes the linear sequence showing how one organism obtains its food from another in an ecosystem?
• ATP stands for what?
• Which statement about proteins is NOT a typical function?
• Which is NOT a typical function of proteins?
• What is the key difference between diffusion and osmosis?
• Which organelle contains DNA?
• Which term refers to organisms that use abiotic factors to synthesize their own food?
• Proteins are composed of what smaller subunits?
• Which statement describes how a chromosome carries genetic information?
• Which description best fits punctuated equilibrium?
• Which organelle controls movement in or out of the nucleus?
• Mutualism is best described as
• Which statement describes punctuated equilibrium?
• What is a virus that attacks bacteria cells called?
• Which term describes the remains of organisms preserved to show the history of evolution?
• Which term is defined as a complex of terrestrial communities that cover a large area with characteristic climate and soil?
• Which genotype is homozygous recessive for an allele R?
• Biotic factors are
• Which statement is true about meiosis in animal cells?
• Evolution is
• In plant cells, which organelle often stores water and helps maintain turgor pressure?
• Which term best describes the act of one organism feeding on another?
• Which type of selection occurs when an environment changes and favors a new trait?
• Genotype describes which of the following?
• Gene flow is
• Shingles is caused by a virus capable of entering a lysogenic lifecycle.
• What is a Dependent Variable?
• Why do scientists use one variable at a time in a controlled experiment?
• Which term describes a complex of terrestrial communities that cover a large area and is defined by climate and soil conditions?
• Cell wall does what?
• Which statement is true about Punnett squares?
• Biotic factors include which of the following?
• During meiosis, what happens to the chromosome number in gametes?
• Which property of water makes it the 'universal solvent'?
• Which term describes the variable that remains the same in each and every trial?
• Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?
• Which experiment is associated with determining that DNA is the genetic material?
• A mutation is
• Which term refers to a set of statements explaining a group of facts or phenomena, especially after repeated testing?
• Which term describes an organism that consumes and breaks down dead organisms or plant matter?
• Nucleus function?
• Which statement about limiting factors in population growth is true?
• Which step of the scientific method involves making an observation and stating a problem?
• What does a Punnett Square help you do?
• Enzymes belong to which group of organic compounds?
• What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
• Which term describes an experiment conducted without variables?
• Which term is a well-supported explanation that explains a group of facts?
• Law of Independent Assortment explains which of the following?
• Which pigment gives plants their green color and helps absorb light for photosynthesis?
• All organisms that do not fit into plant, fungi, and animal kingdoms but have a nucleus are:
• Which statement best defines an observation?
• Mitosis results in two genetically identical diploid somatic cells.
• How do viruses reproduce?
• What happens to an enzyme when exposed to high temperature and pH?
• Which best defines a hypothesis?
• Which theory proposes that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis among several different prokaryotic organisms?
• Which mode of reproduction is characteristic of organisms in the kingdom Animalia?
• Which kingdom includes a eukaryote that is photosynthetic and autotrophic?
• Which is an example of a limiting resource in an ecosystem?
• If a population grows until a limiting factor prevents further growth, the population is approaching what?
• Which term describes the observable characteristics of an organism?
• Which organelle is a fluid-filled sac that stores water, food, and chemicals?
• Which statement describes natural selection?
• Gradualism is defined as
• Which term describes the genetic makeup of an organism for a given trait?
• Which statement best defines a limiting factor in biology?
• In sexually reproducing organisms, how many chromosomes do gametes have relative to body cells?
• Which statement correctly contrasts relative dating with radiometric dating?
• Which term describes the maximum number of individuals a given environment can support over time?
• In the F1 generation of 915 pea plants, tall is dominant over short. What was the parental cross?
• What term describes an organism that eats other living things for energy?
• Which variable is changed or manipulated in an experiment?
• Biotic factors refer to which of the following?
• What is data?
• Which organelle forms a boundary around the nucleus and controls movement of substances in and out?
• Which term refers to an organism that eats plants only?
• Which organelle transports chemicals between cells and within cells?
• In certain rats, black fur is dominant over white fur. If two rats, both heterozygous for fur color are mated, what percentage of their offspring would be expected to have black fur?
• What is the term for the interaction where predators eat prey?
• Which term describes evolution in response to interactions among species?